Direct Research Journal of Public Health and Environmental Technology
type: channel
description: Direct Research Journal of Public Health and Environmental Technology (DRJPHET) ISSN:2734-2182 is a peer-reviewed open-access journal. The journal is published per article as soon as the manuscript is accepted for publication and covers all areas of the subject such as health observatory, biostatistics, occupational health, behavioral medicine, etc. DRJPHET publishes contributions from both the ‘traditional’ disciplines of public health, including hygiene, epidemiology, health education, environmental health, occupational health, health policy, hospital management, health economics, law, and ethics as well as from the area of new health care fields including social science, communication science, eHealth and mHealth philosophy, health technology assessment, genetics research implications, population-mental health, gender and disparity issues, global and migration-related themes. In support of this approach, DRJPHET strongly encourages the use of real multidisciplinary approaches and analyses in the manuscripts submitted to the journal. In addition to Original research, Review, and Debate articles, DRJPHET publishes newsworthy Case Reports related to public health and public health management activities. Submit your manuscript using the submission link Submit Manuscript ARTICLE PROCESSING COST = 655USD FOR AUTHOR OTHER COUNTRIES OR 75000 NAIRA FOR NIGERIA. AUTHORS CAN APPLY FOR PARTIAL WAIVER TO THE JOURNAL EDITORIAL AT editorialoffice@directresearchpublisher.org
language: en
publication name: Direct Research Journal of Public Health and Environmental Technology
items: Antibiogram Analysis and Biofilm Formation of Bacteria from Patients with Breast Cancer at Rasheed Shekoni Federal University Teaching Hospital Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria
items: Workplace Conditions and their Association with Musculoskeletal Disorders among Nurses and Orderlies at a Hospital in Nicaragua
items: Emergency Medicine and the Global Burden of Non Communicable Diseases:
items: Monkeypox in Focus: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices in Southeastern Nigeria during the Post-2022 Outbreak Era
items: Impact of Electronic Health Records on Healthcare Delivery in Public Hospitals in Calabar Metropolis, Cross River State.
items: Bootstrapped Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) for Estimating Bias in Technical, Allocative and Economic Efficiency of Rainy and Dry Seasons Irish Potato Production in Plateau State, Nigeria
items: Insights and Lessons from Mapping, Analyzing, and Assessing COVID-19 Using a Web-Based GIS Approach in Khartoum State, Sudan
items: Positioning Indigenous Cuisines and their influence on Gastronomic Identity in 3–5-Star Hotels in Greater Accra, Ghana
items: Isolation, Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Salmonella Isolates from Cattle dung in Dairy Farms within Sokoto Metropolis
items: Investigation of a Rabies Outbreak Following a Human Bite by a Suspected Rabid Dog at Duhu Settlement of Madagali LGA, Adamawa State, Nigeria: A Field Epidemiologic Report
items: Air Pollution Assessment from Plastic Waste Combustion in Residential Areas near Dumpsites in Port Harcourt
items: Comparative Intelligence and Adaptive Behaviours of Anopheles versus Culex Mosquitoes:
items: Nwoke and Harrison, (2025). ASSESSMENT OF SOME ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS (PHENOLS AND PARABENS) IN SELECTED COSMETICS IN PORT HARCOURT MARKET
items: Histopathological Evidence of Liver and Spleen Alterations Following Sub-Chronic Glyphosate Exposure in Wistar Rats
items: Awareness and Willingness to Pay for Osun Health Insurance Scheme in Rural Areas of the State
items: E-HEALTH ADOPTION AND UTILIZATION AMONG HEALTH CENTRES AND INSTITUTIONS WITHIN THE GREATER ACCRA REGION OF GHANA
items: Assessing the Knowledge and Practice of Solid Medical Waste Management among Private Hospitals in Port Harcourt, Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study
items: https://www.journals.directresearchpublisher.org/index.php/drjphet/article/view/606
items: Waste Management Practices and Their Public Health Implications in Some Selected Markets in Federal Capital Territory, Abuja
items: Chronic Exposure to Indiscriminately Applied Insecticides: Neuro-Immuno-Genotoxic Injury and Carcinogenic Susceptibility across Human Populations
items: Ecological Consequences of Forest Change on Insect Vector Abundance, Extinction Risk, and Disease Transmission
items: Influence of Agricultural Activities and Forest Degradation on Mosquito Breeding Patterns, Abundance in and around Federal University Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria
items: Biomedical Waste Management at Omdurman Military Hospital in Khartoum State, Sudan: Knowledge and Practices
items: Health Literacy among Hotel Owners and Tourist Guides in Sauraha,Chitwan, Nepal: A Mixed-Methods Study
items: Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Water, Sediment, and Fish Tissues from Biu Reservoir, Borno State, Nigeria
items: Serological Survey of Pathogenic Leptospira in Reservoir Household Rats (Rattus rattus) and Community Risk Perception in Sokoto Metropolis, Sokoto State, Nigeria
items: Assessment of Work Related-Strain, Perceived Stress and Job Satisfaction among Young Medical Laboratory Scientists in Selected Health Facilities in Wuse II Federal Capital Abuja
items: A Case Study on the Microbial Safety of Imported Milk in a Facility in Lagos State: A Public Health Perspective
items: Impact of Human Resource Policies on Employee Performance: Evidence from Enugu State Teaching Hospital
items: Hypertension and Dietary Habits among Market Women in North Central Nigeria

Antibiogram Analysis and Biofilm Formation of Bacteria from Patients with Breast Cancer at Rasheed Shekoni Federal University Teaching Hospital Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria
type: item
description: Breast cancer remains the most common malignancy among women worldwide and is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Nigeria. Patients often face heightened risks of bacterial infections due to immunosuppression from the disease itself and treatments such as chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation. Microorganisms growing in a biofilm are associated with chronic and recurrent human infections and are highly resistant to antimicrobial agents. This study investigated the antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm-forming capabilities of bacteria isolated from breast cancer patients at Rasheed Shekoni Federal University Teaching Hospital, Dutse. 118 bacterial isolates from six different species were examined in this cross-sectional investigation. Biochemical assays and colony morphology were used for identification. The Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was used to assess antibiotic susceptibility in accordance with CLSI standards. The gold-standard Tissue Culture Plate Method (TCPM) was used to quantify biofilm formation. S. aureus, CoNS, E. coli, Bacillus species, Proteus species, and Klebsiella species were among the pathogens found. Gram-positive isolates showed multidrug resistance (MDR) to rifampicin and streptomycin but remained sensitive to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. Gram-negative isolates exhibited extensive resistance to older agents like streptomycin and several cephalosporins, whereas ciprofloxacin and gentamicin remained the most reliable treatments. Critically, 100% of tested MDR isolates were "strong" biofilm producers (OD > 0.68), with Klebsiella species recording the highest optical density (2.74). The universal presence of strong biofilms among MDR isolates poses a serious clinical challenge because biofilms shield bacteria from host immunity and increase antibiotic tolerance up to 1,500-fold. These findings highlight the need for routine susceptibility testing and enhanced antimicrobial stewardship in oncology.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cancer, Malignancy, Antimicrobial, Biofilm, Chemotherapy
  topic: keywords
creator: Haris Nura Garba
creator: Danjuma Lawal
creator: Bashir Salim Faruk
creator: Musa Hassan Muhammad
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-05-16
publication date: 2026-05-16
starting page: 35
ending page: 44
doi: 10.26765/DRJPHET25671211

Workplace Conditions and their Association with Musculoskeletal Disorders among Nurses and Orderlies at a Hospital in Nicaragua
type: item
description: Due to the high frequency of exposure to awkward postures, repetitive movements, and manual handling of loads in the hospital setting, the association between workplace conditions and musculoskeletal disorders among nurses and orderlies at a hospital in Nicaragua was studied during 2024. The objective was to characterize the staff’s sociodemographic profile, evaluate workplace ergonomic conditions, identify musculoskeletal complaints, and analyze their association with high ergonomic risk. A quantitative, observational, descriptive, and analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 148 workers, of whom 123 were nurses and 25 were orderlies. The REBA matrix, an ergonomic checklist, and the Nordic Questionnaire were used. The analysis included descriptive statistics and simple and multiple binary logistic regression. Predominance was found among nursing staff, female employees, those in the inpatient ward, and those with more than five years of service. In the ergonomic assessment, the most common factors were mixed postures, neck flexion or extension greater than 20°, pronounced knee flexion, repetitive movements, and handling loads greater than 10 kg. The lumbar region had the highest frequency of discomfort, followed by the wrist or hands. In the bivariate analysis, handling loads greater than 10 kg and poor grip quality were associated with high ergonomic risk; however, in the adjusted model, only loads greater than 10 kg maintained a significant association. It was concluded that load handling constitutes the main factor associated with high ergonomic risk and that its reduction represents a priority for hospital occupational health.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Musculoskeletal Disorders; Nursing Staff; Ergonomics; Hospitals; Occupational Health
  topic: keywords
creator: Geling Mercedes Pineda Rivera
creator: Erick Alexander de Jesus Chamorro Segovia
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-05-07
publication date: 2026-05-07
starting page: 27
ending page: 34
doi: 10.26765/DRJPHET051751227

Emergency Medicine and the Global Burden of Non Communicable Diseases:
type: item
description: Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like heart disease, diabetes, and cancer are the leading causes of illness and death worldwide. Although these conditions are chronic, they can often lead to acute crises that require emergency department (ED) visits, especially when regular care is not accessible. Despite this important connection, the crucial role of emergency medicine in addressing the global NCD challenge is frequently neglected in public health policies. Objective: This study explores the relationship between emergency medicine and NCDs, examining how health systems are equipped to handle NCD-related emergencies and how disruptions in care pathways affect patient outcomes. Methods: We performed a narrative review of literature from the last ten years, utilizing sources such as PubMed, World Health Organization (WHO) reports, and global health policy documents. Our analysis focused on peer-reviewed studies and health frameworks related to acute care and public health responses to NCDs, while excluding non-empirical opinion pieces. We synthesized data across four main themes: service delivery, emergency preparedness, care disruptions, and the integration of acute and long-term care. Results: The findings indicate that EDs are increasingly becoming the first point of contact for patients with undiagnosed or poorly managed NCDs. The lack of coordination between emergency and primary care, along with deficiencies in routine management, contributes to a rise in preventable complications and hospital admissions. Conclusion: To effectively lessen the global NCD burden, health systems need to connect emergency services with long-term care. Enhancing emergency medicine and incorporating it into broader public health strategies is vital for creating resilient and prepared healthcare systems.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Care Pathway Disruptions, Emergency Medicine, Health System Integration, Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), Public Health Preparedness
  topic: keywords
creator: Immaculata Etim Bassey
creator: Emmanuel Etim Bassey
creator: Eleojo Toyin Okutepa
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-05-07
publication date: 2026-05-07
starting page: 14
ending page: 26

Monkeypox in Focus: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices in Southeastern Nigeria during the Post-2022 Outbreak Era
type: item
description: Recent global health events such as the COVID-19 pandemic and Monkeypox (Mpox) outbreaks have highlighted the need for proactive public health preparedness. Although Mpox did not reach pandemic status, its rapid transboundary spread from Nigeria to other continents raised concern. Effective disease response relies heavily on an informed population, especially in endemic regions. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding Mpox among residents of Southeastern Nigeria to examine the demographic factors associated with their KAP levels. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 392 residents across Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Enugu and Imo States. A validated structured questionnaire was distributed via Google forms through online platforms (WhatsApp, Telegram e.t.c) over a three-month period adopting purposive and snowballing sampling techniques. Data generated were analyzed using SPSS version 23, with statistical significance set at p ≤ 0.05. Respondents were predominantly aged 18–37 (49.5%), female (58.9%), and had tertiary education (96.9%). Enugu State had the highest representation (33.4%). Overall, good knowledge, attitude, and practice levels were observed in 91.5%, 84.1%, and 67.4% of respondents, respectively. Knowledge and practice levels showed no significant association with sociodemographic variables. However, attitude level was significantly associated with state of residence (χ² = 10.795, df = 4, p = 0.023). Binary logistic regression showed that residents of Ebonyi State were three times more likely to have a positive attitude towards Mpox (OR = 3.288, p = 0.038). Enhanced public enlightenment campaigns are essential to sustain and improve KAP regarding Mpox and other infectious diseases in Southeastern Nigeria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Monkeypox, KAP survey, HBM Framework, Southeastern Nigeria, public health awareness.
  topic: keywords
creator: Enyidiya Anna NWAEZZA-UGWU
creator: Patricia Ihuaku OTUH
creator: Johnson Chijindu DIARA
creator: Emmanuel Elebe NWEZZA
creator: Uche Nfa EGU
creator: Mohammed Jimoh SAKA
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Direct Research Journal of Public Health and Environmental Technology
date: 2026-05-04
publication date: 2026-05-04
starting page: 1
ending page: 13
doi: 10.26765/DRJPHET01298605

Impact of Electronic Health Records on Healthcare Delivery in Public Hospitals in Calabar Metropolis, Cross River State.
type: item
description: This study examined the impact of Electronic Health Records (EHR) on healthcare delivery and identified the facilitators and barriers to EHR implementation across public hospitals in Calabar Metropolis. A cross-sectional descriptive design was employed among 334 healthcare workers. Near-universal recognition of EHR benefits was documented: improved communication (99.7%), centralized data storage (99.1%), and quick record access (95.78%). Attitude toward EHR emerged as the strongest predictor of perceived impact (β=0.378, p<0.001). Leading barriers included lack of user involvement (94.19%), distrust in system quality (85.98%), and poor training and support (84.38%). Knowledge and attitude significantly predicted facilitator scores. The study recommends participatory EHR design, sustained training, and financial investment to accelerate implementation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: EHR Impact
  topic: keywords
subject: Healthcare Delivery
  topic: keywords
subject: EHR Facilitators
  topic: keywords
subject: EHR Barriers
  topic: keywords
subject: Calabar Metropolis
  topic: keywords
subject: Nigeria.
  topic: keywords
creator: Elemi Eko Edu
creator: Dr. Ikpoko-ore-ebirien Dike Isaruk
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Direct Research Journal of Public Health and Environmental Technology
date: 2026-04-14
publication date: 2026-04-14
starting page: 120
ending page: 124
doi: 10.26765/DRJPHET36577643

Bootstrapped Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) for Estimating Bias in Technical, Allocative and Economic Efficiency of Rainy and Dry Seasons Irish Potato Production in Plateau State, Nigeria
type: item
description: This study used the bootstrapped DEA analysis for estimating bias in the technical, allocative and economic efficiency scores of rainy and dry season’s Irish potato production among smallholder farmers in five selected Irish potato producing areas of Plateau state, North Central Nigeria. A random sample of 472 Irish Potato farmers was selected for the study. The primary data was analyzed using double bootstrap Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Results of rainy season Variable Return to Scale (VRS) DEA shows average technical efficiency (TE) for radial, non-radial and bias-corrected estimates to be 0.90, 0.70 and 0.68, respectively. The mean allocative and economic efficiency level was found to be 0.74 and 0.64 respectively. The dry season VRS DEA reveals average TE for radial, non-radial and bias-corrected estimates to be0.95, 0.79 and 0.84 respectively with a mean allocative and economic efficiency of 0.60 and 0.56. The estimated radial TE scores were higher than the bias-corrected TE scores indicating overestimation of the radial scores which in turn leads to bias results. In conclusion, the bias-corrected technical efficiency scores, the dry season Irish potato farmers were more efficient in their use of input resources than their rainy season counterpart. The study recommends that extension workers and policy makers should guide policies towards expanding efficiency in the study area.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Data Envelopment Analysis, Botstrap, Bias, Technical, Allocative, Economic, Efficiency
  topic: keywords
creator: M. I. Abubakar
creator: F. A. Otse
creator: A. A. Yakubu
creator: J. Alhassan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-04-14
publication date: 2026-04-14
starting page: 114
ending page: 119

Insights and Lessons from Mapping, Analyzing, and Assessing COVID-19 Using a Web-Based GIS Approach in Khartoum State, Sudan
type: item
description: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the urgent need for a paradigm shift from traditional health surveillance to real-time, spatial monitoring. This research presents a comprehensive digital geospatial framework that maps and visualises the spatial spread, recovery rates, and health infrastructure of COVID-19 across the seven localities of Khartoum State using a Web-GIS approach. Its aim is to address the "health-wealth gap" caused by spatial inequalities and provides practical lessons for enhancing public health surveillance systems in Khartoum, Sudan. Using data from the Ministry of Health during the first two waves, a Web-GIS was developed to integrate epidemiological, demographic, and spatial data. Including population data for all 5,213,058 residents ensures a precise assessment of infection levels beyond case counts. ArcGIS mapping and hotspot analysis enable detailed visualisation of pandemic trends, revealing significant spatial disparities and a clear link between economic resources and health outcomes. While Khartoum's central locality, with its dense healthcare infrastructure, experienced the highest infection and recovery rates, peripheral regions such as Umbada and Sharg Elneel reported fewer cases, possibly due to underreporting. The findings emphasise that spatial disparities—not merely population density—shape transmission dynamics within Khartoum State. Based on this analysis, several actionable lessons are proposed, such as prioritising hotspots by reallocating resources to high-density residential and commercial areas identified through weekly ArcGIS maps, deploying mobile units, enhancing WASH facilities, and conducting screenings there. Implementing safe zone protocols with screenings at major hubs like Khartoum and Bahri, as well as regional transit points, is essential. Supplies such as masks and beds should be allocated based on data, focusing on densely populated areas rather than imposing broad lockdowns.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: COVID-19
  topic: keywords
subject: Web-GIS
  topic: keywords
subject: health inequalities
  topic: keywords
subject: spatial epidemiology
  topic: keywords
subject: urban health systems
  topic: keywords
subject: health-wealth gap
  topic: keywords
subject: Khartoum State
  topic: keywords
subject: Sudan
  topic: keywords
creator: Manal Mahgoub Ali Mahgoub
creator: Mustafa Yousif Mohamed
creator: Hassan Ibrahim Ali Mofadel
creator: Manal Awad Khiery
creator: Tarig Elsheikh Mahmoud
creator: Mohamed Ahmed Elhabib
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-04-13
publication date: 2026-04-13
starting page: 106
ending page: 113
doi: 10.26765/DRJPHET14989505

Positioning Indigenous Cuisines and their influence on Gastronomic Identity in 3–5-Star Hotels in Greater Accra, Ghana
type: item
description: Indigenous cuisines are emerging as a significant force driving the development of tourism and establishing a cultural identity for destinations; however, they have been given limited consideration within upscale hotel environments, especially in Ghana. This paper explores how indigenous cuisines are presented within the context of 3–5-star hotels located in the Greater Accra Region. Using Service-Dominant Logic as a guiding framework, a mixed-methods design was used in which hotels, hotel guests, and officials from Ghana Tourism Authority constituted the target population for the study. Twenty hotels were included in the population; a census approach was used for managers in these 20 hotels; a purposive sampling approach for 10 officials of Ghana Tourism Authority and finally a stratified random sample of 384 hotel guests was taken for the study. Data were obtained using structured questionnaire and semi-structured interviews, and analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, regression analysis and thematic analysis. It was found that indigenous cuisines are present in the menus in hotels, there are high rating regarding diversity and authenticity of the presentation of the indigenous cuisines in hotel menus; and that there is a lack of effective strategy for promoting indigenous cuisines. A chi-square test result revealed no statistically significant association between the classification of a hotel in terms of stars and a respondent's view of whether indigenous cuisines have been included in a hotel (= 3.207, p = 0.524); however, the results of the regression show that authenticity, uniqueness, and sustainability positively influence the gastronomic identity of a hotel and exotic appeal negatively influences it. The study concludes that strategic positioning rather than a hotel's classification is what determine gastronomic identity of the country, therefore; branding of indigenous cuisines is paramount for up-scale hotels.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Indigenous cuisines
  topic: keywords
subject: Gastronomic identity
  topic: keywords
subject: Culinary tourism
  topic: keywords
subject: Hospitality industry
  topic: keywords
subject: Destination branding
  topic: keywords
subject: Service-Dominant Logic
  topic: keywords
subject: Culinary branding
  topic: keywords
creator: Kate Bigson
creator: Rahab Mugambi
creator: Monica Wandolo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Direct Research Journal of Public Health and Environmental Technology
date: 2026-04-01
publication date: 2026-04-01
starting page: 95
ending page: 105
doi: 10.26765/DRJPHET43940454

Isolation, Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Salmonella Isolates from Cattle dung in Dairy Farms within Sokoto Metropolis
type: item
description: Accessing Salmonella is one of the leading causes of foodborne disease worldwide and poses a substantial public health threat. The detection of any Salmonella serotype in food renders that product unsafe for human consumption. Among the major sources of these pathogenic bacteria are bovine faeces, particularly from dairy cattle. This study aimed to isolate and identify Salmonella species from faecal samples collected in dairy cattle farms within Sokoto metropolis and to determine their antibiotic resistance patterns. A total of 130 faecal samples were cultured on selective media, and presumptive Salmonella isolates were confirmed using standard biochemical tests. The overall prevalence of Salmonella in the samples was 6.1%. All confirmed isolates were subjected to susceptibility testing against eight commonly used antimicrobials using the disk diffusion method. Strikingly, 100% resistance was observed to Ampicillin, Ceftriaxone, Amoxicillin, and Tetracycline. These findings indicate that apparently healthy dairy cattle in Sokoto may serve as an important reservoir of multidrug-resistant Salmonella, with serious implications for food safety and public health.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Salmonella; dairy cattle; antimicrobial resistance; fecal contamination, Sokoto
  topic: keywords
creator: I. A. Musawa
creator: S. M. Malam
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-17
publication date: 2026-03-17
starting page: 89
ending page: 94

Investigation of a Rabies Outbreak Following a Human Bite by a Suspected Rabid Dog at Duhu Settlement of Madagali LGA, Adamawa State, Nigeria: A Field Epidemiologic Report
type: item
description: Rabies, a vaccine-preventable zoonosis, persists as a public health threat in rural Nigeria, with dog bites driving most human exposures. This field epidemiologic report investigates a suspected rabies outbreak in Duhu settlement, Madagali LGA, Adamawa State, following bites by an unvaccinated stray dog on April 26–27, 2025. A multidisciplinary team conducted rapid active surveillance on April 27, using clinical case definitions and household canvassing to assess extent, risk factors, and implement controls. Findings confirmed 26 animal cases 8 dogs (31%), 12 goats (46%), 6 sheep (23%) exhibiting aggression, restlessness, and indiscriminate biting. The index dog was killed, with its carcass improperly disposed. Four humans (Category III exposures) received timely post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), averting fatalities. Attack rate: 16% among local dogs/livestock. Key risks included zero vaccination coverage, communal grazing, and cross-border stray movements. Control measures encompassed carcass burial, animal quarantine, PEP referral, ring vaccination (150 dogs, 85% coverage), and media sensitization. No further cases emerged post-May 2025. This outbreak mirrors northeastern Nigeria's patterns, where low surveillance and <15% dog vaccination fuel transmission. It highlights One Health gaps amid pastoralist livelihoods. Recommendations urge annual mass vaccination (>70% coverage), community reporting hotlines, and integrated vet-human responses per NCDC guidelines (NCDC, 2023). Scaling these could advance Nigeria's "Zero by 30" goals, reducing economic losses and deaths.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Adamawa State, Dog-mediated Zoonosis, Field Epidemiology, Nigeria, Post-exposure Prophylaxis, Rabies outbreak
  topic: keywords
creator: Asunduwa Chagwa Kwada
creator: Maxwell Ige
creator: Angelo Tuwanga
creator: Saulawa Mahmud Abdullahi
creator: Idowu Fagbamila
creator: David Ehizhibolo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-16
publication date: 2026-03-16
starting page: 84
ending page: 88

Air Pollution Assessment from Plastic Waste Combustion in Residential Areas near Dumpsites in Port Harcourt
type: item
description: The The combustion of plastic waste near urban dumping and incineration sites in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria, poses significant environmental and public health challenges. This study evaluated air quality and health risks at five major dumpsites Eneka, Igbo-Etche, Bori, Oyigbo, and Rukpokwu during the dry season. Key air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and dioxins, were measured. Results showed PM2.5 concentrations ranging from 85 µg/m³ to 170 µg/m³, far exceeding the WHO's 24-hour guideline of 15 µg/m³. Similarly, NOx levels peaked at 240 ppb, surpassing the 100 ppb limit. Contamination Factor (CF) analysis revealed severe contamination levels for PM2.5 (CF: 5.7–11.3) and NOx (CF: 2.4), while the Degree of Contamination (DC) indicated an alarming cumulative pollution level across all sites (DC: 45–78). Health risk assessments showed a 35% higher prevalence of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases among residents within 2 km of the sites, with children and the elderly being the most affected. The findings underscore the urgent need for improved waste management, stricter environmental policies, and community education to mitigate the adverse effects of plastic waste combustion. By presenting critical data on contamination and associated health risks, this research aims to guide policymakers in developing sustainable strategies to protect vulnerable populations and improve urban air quality in Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Air pollution
  topic: keywords
subject: plastic waste
  topic: keywords
subject: dump site
  topic: keywords
subject: residential areas
  topic: keywords
creator: I. B Nwoke
creator: C. Akpe
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Direct Research Journal of Public Health and Environmental Technology
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 174
ending page: 180

Comparative Intelligence and Adaptive Behaviours of Anopheles versus Culex Mosquitoes:
type: item
description: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the comparative intelligence and adaptive behaviors of Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes, two key genera involved in the transmission of significant vector-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, West Nile virus, and filariasis. The paper explores how their cognitive abilities, including sensory processing, learning, memory, and decision-making, influence their survival strategies, host-seeking behaviors, and responses to control measures. While Anopheles mosquitoes primarily transmit malaria through specialized behaviors such as selective blood-feeding and host detection, Culex mosquitoes’ exhibit broader host preferences and are implicated in the transmission of several other diseases, including West Nile virus. This review also addresses the behavioral adaptations of both genera in response to environmental pressures and control strategies, such as insecticides and repellents, emphasizing their evolving resistance to conventional methods. The implications of these adaptive behaviors for enhancing surveillance and vector control strategies are discussed, highlighting how a deeper understanding of mosquito cognition could improve control tactics. This study also suggests new approaches to mosquito control based on behavioral modification and cognitive disruption, proposing a shift towards more targeted, behavior-based interventions. Future research directions are outlined, focusing on the role of mosquito intelligence in disease transmission dynamics and the development of integrated, sustainable control strategies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Anopheles mosquitoes, Culex mosquitoes, behavioral adaptation, vector control strategies, mosquito intelligence
  topic: keywords
creator: K. A. Adeniyi
creator: R. T. Tolani
creator: A. O. Mohammed
creator: O.A. Aina
creator: N. E., Abubakar
creator: K.D. Salami
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-10
publication date: 2026-03-10
starting page: 65
ending page: 83

Nwoke and Harrison, (2025). ASSESSMENT OF SOME ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS (PHENOLS AND PARABENS) IN SELECTED COSMETICS IN PORT HARCOURT MARKET
type: item
description: Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) such as phenols and parabens are widely incorporated into cosmetics, yet their occurrence in products sold in Nigerian markets remains poorly documented. This study assessed the concentrations of these contaminants in three commonly used cosmetics (aloe vera gel cream, pure white body lotion, and papaya cream) purchased from market in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Samples were collected, homogenized, and subjected to solvent-based extraction followed by chromatographic determination. Results revealed substantial variation across product types: total phenols reached 1000 μg/kg in the same product, led by dichlorophenols and methylphenols; and total parabens peaked at 257 μg/kg in papaya cream, with propyl- and isopropyl-parabens as the main contributors. Pure White body lotion exhibited intermediate levels of all three classes with phenols 869 μg/kg and parabens 68 μg/kg. Although individual concentrations remained below current European Union and NAFDAC permissible limits. The co-occurrence of multiple EDCs in single products raises concern regarding potential additive or synergistic effects from daily dermal exposure. The findings confirm cosmetics as a modifiable source of EDC exposure in an urban Nigerian population and highlight product-specific contamination patterns influenced by formulation and intended function. The study provides data for these compounds in locally marketed cosmetics in Port Harcourt. It is recommended that NAFDAC introduce specific maximum limits and mandatory ingredient disclosure for EDCs, while manufacturers should prioritize safer alternatives. Expanded biomonitoring and broader product screening are urged to strengthen risk assessment and protect public health.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Endocrine disruptive compounds, parabens, phenols
  topic: keywords
creator: I. B. Nwoke
creator: E. M. Harrison
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-12-28
publication date: 2025-12-28
starting page: 178
ending page: 185

Histopathological Evidence of Liver and Spleen Alterations Following Sub-Chronic Glyphosate Exposure in Wistar Rats
type: item
description: Glyphosate-based herbicides are extensively used worldwide, raising and increasing concerns regarding their potential toxicological effects on non-target organisms. This study evaluated the effects of sub-chronic exposure to a commercial glyphosate-based herbicide on histopathological alterations in the liver and spleen of Wistar rats, with oxidative stress and inflammation related changes inferred from tissue morphology and supported by existing mechanistic evidence in the literature. Sixty adult Wistar rats (n = 5 per group) were randomly assigned to one control and four treatment groups and orally administered graded doses of 0.1, 0.a, 0.5,0.7, and 0.9 mg/kg body weight once daily for 28 consecutive days. Histopathological assessment was performed using hematoxylin and eosin staining, and lesion severity was semi-quantitatively scored on a standardized grading scale. Results demonstrated a significant dose-dependent increase in hepatic lesions. Mild hepatocellular degeneration was observed in 25% of rats at 0.1 mg/kg, whereas 75–90% of rats exposed to 0.7–0.9 mg/kg exhibited marked hepatocellular degeneration, sinusoidal congestion, and inflammatory infiltration (p < 0.05 vs. control). Hepatic lesion severity scores increased from 0.4 ± 0.2 in controls to 3.6 ± 0.3 in the highest dose group. Similarly, splenic architectural disruption was observed in 20% of low-dose animals and increased to 80% in high-dose groups, characterized by lymphoid follicle depletion, red pulp congestion, and inflammatory infiltration (p < 0.05). Overall, glyphosate exposure produced a statistically significant, dose-related increase in histopathological damage in both organs. Although oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways were not directly quantified, the observed structural alterations are consistent with previously reported oxidative and inflammatory mechanisms of glyphosate toxicity. These findings highlight the potential systemic risks associated with repeated glyphosate exposu…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Glyphosate; Oxidative stress; Inflammation; Liver; Spleen; Histopathology; Immunotoxicity; Wistar rats
  topic: keywords
creator: Oluwaseun Adebayo Ishola
creator: Alfred Abolade Ajao
creator: Solomon Olayinka Adewoye
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-02-23
publication date: 2026-02-23
starting page: 53
ending page: 57
doi: 10.26765/DRJPHET57871251

Awareness and Willingness to Pay for Osun Health Insurance Scheme in Rural Areas of the State
type: item
description: Accessing quality health care services at affordable costs with easy mode of payments is a serious problem especially among the already impoverished rural households in Nigeria. This study examined the health status, awareness and willingness to pay (WTP) for Osun Health Insurance Scheme (OHIS) among rural farming households in Osun State. A three-stage sampling technique was employed to select 583 rural farming households from six (out of thirty) Local Government Areas in the State. The primary data collected with the aid of structured questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a logistic regression model. Majority (61.1%) recorded two morbidities in three months, malaria was the most reported illness (90.6%), radio jingles was the most popular source of awareness about the OHIS (96.1%) and households’ monthly health expenditure was N15,260.72± N6,644.94. The WTP calculated from the single-bounded dichotomous format was N4,170.47 while WTP from response to open-ended CV survey was N1,216.12 per person per month. The explanatory variables that significantly influenced the willingness to pay include the sex, age, and years of schooling of household heads, household size, marital status, awareness of NHIS and OHIS, perceived workability, prefer OHIS, and affordability of the premium. Others are the frequency of sickness, sleeping under insecticides-treated nets (ITNs), a household member suffering ailment, bronchitis/tuberculosis and arthritis. It is concluded that the respondent households are willing to pay more if OHIS could be rendering more quality health services through her accredited healthcare service providers. Proper awareness creation via radio stations and open campaigns by the OHIS team to educate rural households on the need to key into this laudable scheme; and close monitoring of the OHIS-accredited healthcare providers to guarantee quality healthcare services delivery are recommended.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: health insurance
  topic: keywords
subject: awareness
  topic: keywords
subject: willingness-to-pay
  topic: keywords
subject: rural households
  topic: keywords
subject: Contingent
  topic: keywords
subject: valuation
  topic: keywords
subject: Health Financing
  topic: keywords
creator: J. O. Adekanye
creator: J. O. Atoyebi
creator: T. A. Salami
creator: O. J. Adesugba
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Direct Research Journal of Public Health and Environmental Technology
date: 2026-02-20
publication date: 2026-02-20
starting page: 42
ending page: 52
doi: 10.26765/DRJPHET10516686

E-HEALTH ADOPTION AND UTILIZATION AMONG HEALTH CENTRES AND INSTITUTIONS WITHIN THE GREATER ACCRA REGION OF GHANA
type: item
description: This study investigates the adoption and utilization of eHealth systems among healthcare managers and professionals in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. The study employed a quantitative survey design, collecting data from 1,640 respondents across 82 healthcare institutions using structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviations, and coefficients of variation, were used to analyze the data. The findings show that eHealth adoption is generally low, with basic digital tools such as multimedia devices, internet connectivity, and imaging systems being the most frequently used, while advanced technologies like telemedicine, video conferencing, and tele-consulting systems are minimally adopted. Among the professional and individual characteristics examined, computer anxiety and years of professional experience were moderately associated with eHealth utilization. Major constraints to adoption include perceived corruption in procurement processes, limited managerial commitment to technology investment, and low awareness of available ICT solutions. These findings suggest the need for interventions focused on reducing psychological barriers, enhancing institutional governance, and improving awareness and training to support more effective and widespread eHealth use.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: e-Health
  topic: keywords
subject: healthcare institutions
  topic: keywords
subject: Ghana
  topic: keywords
subject: healthcare technology
  topic: keywords
subject: Artificial Intelligence
  topic: keywords
creator: Silas Adjei
creator: Isaac Nii Noi Nortey
creator: Paa Kofi Tawiah Adu-Gyamfi
creator: Isaac Kojo Agyeman
creator: Samuel Babbington Norteye
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Direct Research Journal of Public Health and Environmental Technology
date: 2026-02-26
publication date: 2026-02-26
starting page: 58
ending page: 64
doi: 10.26765/DRJPHET760789084

Assessing the Knowledge and Practice of Solid Medical Waste Management among Private Hospitals in Port Harcourt, Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study
type: item
description: Effective medical waste management is essential for protecting public health and the environment. The study examined private hospitals in Port Harcourt metropolis and their medical waste management practices with special interest in their handling procedure and technique(s) used. World Health Organisation (WHO) standard proceedures via segregation at source, using coloured coded containers, Storage for 24hours e, treatment and disposal through autoclaving or incineration were mployed to ascertain their management practice. The study data were collected through questionnaire administration, interviews and field study. Twenty hospitals which provide services for low, middle and high income earners were randomly selected for this study in Port Harcourt City and Obio-Akpor local government areas, in Rivers State Nigeria. The results for the minimum and maximum wastes generated over 7 days as weighed from a facility in each LGA were 15.8kg/67.0kg (Obio-Akpor LGA) and 25.1kg/101.5kg (Port Harcourt City LGA) respectively. The mean waste generated for all the facilities was 40.1kg. Analysis showed a significant non-compliance to World Health Organization (WHO) standard proceedures. The findings reveal that the procedure for medical waste management were inadequate with the use of a central waste collection method, thus indicates that these hospitals fell below the recommended waste management practices as prescribed by WHO. The high generation of medical waste in the study area is a proof that medical waste management is problematic. Based on the findings, it is recommended that an awareness sensitization be created to achieve better medical waste handling and forestall a sustainable environment.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Healthcare Waste, Waste Management, Knowledge, Medical Waste Policy, WHO Compliance, Nigeria, Environmental Health
  topic: keywords
creator: S. F. Puene
creator: I. Ogolo
creator: S.A. Ngah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-02-07
publication date: 2026-02-07
starting page: 33
ending page: 41

https://www.journals.directresearchpublisher.org/index.php/drjphet/article/view/606
type: item
title: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Health Education Intervention on Exclusive Breastfeeding Practices among First-Time Mothers in Jere LGA, Borno State of Nigeria: A Quasi-Experimental Pre-Test–Post-Test Study
description: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) remains suboptimal in conflict-affected and humanitarian settings such as Borno State, northeastern Nigeria, where insecurity, population displacement, disrupted health services, and entrenched sociocultural norms undermine optimal infant feeding practices. First-time mothers are particularly vulnerable to misinformation and limited access to skilled breastfeeding support. A quasi-experimental single-group pre-test–post-test study was conducted among 100 first-time mothers in Jere Local Government Area, Borno State. Baseline data on EBF knowledge and practices were collected using a structured WHO/UNICEF-adapted questionnaire. Participants received a structured, theory-informed health education intervention delivered through interactive sessions. Post-intervention assessment was conducted three months after the intervention. Paired t-tests and McNemar’s chi-square tests were used to assess changes in knowledge and practices, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. At baseline, although 91% of mothers had initiated breastfeeding, only 19% practiced exclusive breastfeeding. Following the intervention, the proportion of mothers practicing EBF increased to 81%. Mean knowledge scores improved significantly from 60.0 ± 15.0 at baseline to 85.0 ± 10.0 post-intervention (p < 0.001). The health education intervention was associated with significant improvements in exclusive breastfeeding knowledge and practices among first-time mothers in this conflict-affected humanitarian setting. Integrating structured breastfeeding education into routine maternal health services, even within fragile and resource-constrained contexts, may strengthen EBF outcomes in similar humanitarian emergencies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Exclusive breastfeeding; health education intervention; first-time mothers; quasi-experimental study; conflict-affected settings; maternal health education
  topic: keywords
creator: Tanko Nuhu
creator: Bukar Paul Mshelbwala
creator: Mohammed Mohammed Lawan
creator: Mora Zainab Shuaibu
creator: Morolahun Ebenezer Abimbola
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Direct Research Journal of Public Health and Environmental Technology
date: 2026-01-27
publication date: 2026-01-27
starting page: 27
ending page: 32
doi: 10.26765/DRJPHET18349984

Waste Management Practices and Their Public Health Implications in Some Selected Markets in Federal Capital Territory, Abuja
type: item
description: This study assessed waste management practices and their public health implications in selected markets within the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja. Rapid urbanization and commercial activities in major markets such as Wuse, Garki, Gwagwalada, and Kuje have resulted in increased waste generation, yet management practices remain inadequate. A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was adopted, and data were collected from 382 respondents using structured questionnaires, interviews with market officials and environmental personnel, and direct field observations. Findings revealed that organic waste constituted the highest proportion of market waste (46.3%), followed by plastics (28.0%) and paper waste (12.0%), reflecting the predominance of food-related trading activities. Waste management practices were largely substandard, with 52.0% of traders engaging in open dumping, while only 30.0% used waste bins. Recycling was minimally practiced across all stakeholder groups. Awareness of the health risks of improper waste disposal was moderately high (61.0%); however, this did not translate into appropriate waste handling behaviors. Public health implications were evident as 47.5% of respondents reported vector-borne diseases such as malaria, typhoid, and cholera linked to poor market sanitation, while respiratory infections (18.8%) and gastrointestinal illnesses (12.5%) were also reported. The study concludes that poor waste management practices in FCT markets significantly compromise environmental hygiene and increase disease risks among traders and consumers. Strengthening institutional capacity, improving waste infrastructure, enforcing environmental regulations, and promoting public awareness and behavioral change are essential for achieving sustainable market sanitation and safeguarding public health in Abuja.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Waste management, public health, Abuja, environmental health, waste disposal
  topic: keywords
creator: E. S. Tarkumbul
creator: U. N. Gimba
creator: G. A. Ushie
creator: T. Akaazua
creator: C. O. Igbokwe
creator: I. J. Omoarebu
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-01-14
publication date: 2026-01-14
starting page: 12
ending page: 18

Chronic Exposure to Indiscriminately Applied Insecticides: Neuro-Immuno-Genotoxic Injury and Carcinogenic Susceptibility across Human Populations
type: item
description: This review examines the neurotoxic, immunotoxic, genotoxic, and carcinogenic effects of chronic exposure to insecticides, with a focus on the widespread indiscriminate use of insecticides in agricultural, urban, and residential settings. Insecticides, including organophosphates, pyrethroids, and carbamates, have been linked to a variety of adverse health outcomes, particularly among populations with prolonged exposure such as agricultural workers and communities living near sprayed areas. The neurotoxic effects of these chemicals disrupt neurotransmission, leading to cognitive impairments, neurodegenerative diseases, and developmental disorders. Additionally, insecticides compromise immune responses, impairing immune cell function and increasing susceptibility to infections and autoimmune diseases through oxidative stress and inflammation. Furthermore, chronic exposure to insecticides induces DNA damage and chromosomal instability, contributing to the genotoxic effects that raise the risk of cancer. These injuries are often linked to alterations in tumor suppressor genes like TP53, which increase cancer susceptibility, particularly leukemia, lymphoma, and prostate cancer. Epidemiological studies support these findings, underscoring the need for effective regulations to mitigate these health risks. The review emphasizes the urgent need for sustainable pest control alternatives, such as Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and biopesticides, as well as global policy improvements and enhanced public health initiatives to protect vulnerable populations from the harmful effects of chronic insecticide exposure.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Insecticides, Neurotoxicity, Immunotoxicity, Genotoxicity, Carcinogenesis, Chronic Exposure, Public Health, Agricultural Chemica
  topic: keywords
creator: K. A. Adeniyi
creator: K. D. Salami
creator: C. A. Ihemanma
creator: R. T. Tolani
creator: A. O. Mohammed
creator: Z. T. Bello
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-01-09
publication date: 2026-01-09
starting page: 1
ending page: 11
doi: 10.26765/DRJPHET60841259

Ecological Consequences of Forest Change on Insect Vector Abundance, Extinction Risk, and Disease Transmission
type: item
description: Forest ecosystems, covering approximately 31% of Earth's land area, are critical in maintaining biodiversity and regulating ecological processes. However, deforestation, fragmentation, and climate change significantly impact forest structure and function, with profound consequences on insect vector populations and disease transmission dynamics. Insects, particularly vectors of diseases such as malaria, dengue, and Lyme disease, rely heavily on forest habitats for breeding, feeding, and shelter. Forest alterations disrupt these habitats, leading to increased vector abundance and disease transmission risk. Deforestation, fragmentation, and urbanization can alter the distribution of vector species, including mosquitoes and ticks, pushing them into human-dominated environments and enhancing their interaction with human populations. Additionally, climate change further exacerbates these effects by influencing temperature and precipitation patterns, extending vector breeding seasons and altering geographic distribution. This review synthesizes the ecological consequences of forest changes on insect vector abundance, extinction risk, and disease transmission, focusing on how forest disturbances influence vector behavior and contribute to the spread of vector-borne diseases. We explore case studies on malaria transmission in sub-Saharan Africa, Lyme disease in North America, and Zika outbreaks in South America, highlighting the role of forest change in altering vector habitats and increasing disease risk. This review also emphasizes the need for integrated approaches to forest management and disease control, advocating for sustainable practices and ecological restoration to mitigate the health risks associated with forest degradation. It calls for increased public health awareness and policies that recognize the interconnectedness of ecosystem health and disease dynamics.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Forest change, insect vectors, disease transmission, deforestation, climate change
  topic: keywords
creator: R. T. Tolani
creator: K. A. Adeniyi
creator: K. D. Salami
creator: O. A. Aina
creator: A. L. Adeyekun
creator: Z. T. Bello
creator: W. S. Muzammil
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 164
ending page: 177

Influence of Agricultural Activities and Forest Degradation on Mosquito Breeding Patterns, Abundance in and around Federal University Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria
type: item
description: This study assessed the influence of agricultural activities and forest degradation on mosquito breeding patterns and abundance in and around Federal University Dutse (FUD), Jigawa State, Nigeria (11.70°N, 9.34°E). A comparative cross-sectional design was employed across five land-use types: intact forest, degraded forest, non-rice farmland, rice fields, and livestock areas. Environmental parameters including temperature, relative humidity, pH, canopy cover, and water depth were measured, while mosquito larvae and adults were collected using WHO-standard dipping and sweep net techniques. Results revealed significant variations in environmental conditions among land-use types (p < 0.05). Intact forests recorded the lowest mean temperature (27.30 °C) and highest canopy cover (78.40 %), while livestock areas exhibited the highest temperature (32.10 °C) and lowest canopy cover (22.35 %). Mosquito larval density varied significantly (F = 15.61; p < 0.001) with the highest in rice fields (7.85 ± 1.45 larvae/dip) and the lowest in intact forests (1.85 ± 0.42 larvae/dip). Three species—Anopheles gambiae (27.7%), Culex quinquefasciatus (28.8%), and Aedes aegypti (13.8%)—were identified. Larval density correlated positively with temperature (r = 0.66), water depth (r = 0.71), and farming intensity (r = 0.75), but negatively with canopy cover (r = –0.58). Regression analysis indicated that farming intensity (β = 1.75; p = 0.001) and water depth (β = 0.25; p = 0.007) were the strongest predictors of larval abundance (R² = 0.81). The study concludes that agricultural intensification and forest degradation significantly enhance mosquito breeding habitats, particularly in rice and livestock farming zones. These findings underscore the need for integrated vector management strategies linked to sustainable land-use planning around educational institutions in semi-arid regions of Nigeria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Agricultural intensification; Forest degradation; Mosquito abundance
  topic: keywords
creator: R. T. Tolani
creator: K. A. Adeniyi
creator: O. A. Aina
creator: Z. T. Bello
creator: K. D. Salami
creator: W. S. Muzammil
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Direct Research Journal of Public Health and Environmental Technology
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 157
ending page: 163

Biomedical Waste Management at Omdurman Military Hospital in Khartoum State, Sudan: Knowledge and Practices
type: item
description: This study assessed Biomedical Waste Management (BMWM) practices at Omdurman Military Hospital (OMH), Khartoum State, Sudan, between September 2020 and March 2021. A descriptive cross-sectional study using a mixed-methods approach was employed to evaluate biomedical waste handling processes, knowledge, attitudes, and practices among relevant stakeholders. Data were collected through direct observation, field notes, structured questionnaires, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews involving medical staff, internal waste handlers, and municipal waste personnel. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 20, while qualitative data supported contextual interpretation. The respondents were predominantly male (62.07%), while females constituted 39.93%. Biomedical waste classification at the point of generation was reported by 86.21% of participants, although 13.39% indicated that waste was not classified. Occupational health risks were substantial, with 48.28% of respondents reporting injuries during biomedical waste handling. The consistent use of personal protective equipment (PPE) was low, as only 48.28% reported wearing protective clothing, compared with 51.72% who did not. Hand hygiene practices were relatively satisfactory, with 72.41% of respondents reporting frequent handwashing with soap after waste handling, while 27.59% did not. Vaccination coverage among workers was comparatively high, as 79.31% reported being vaccinated during their work, whereas 20.69% were not vaccinated. However, formal training in biomedical waste management remained inadequate, with only 48.28% of respondents trained and 51.72% untrained. Despite the existence of institutional policies broadly aligned with World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations, gaps in training, PPE compliance, and occupational safety practices undermine effective BMWM at OMH, increasing risks to healthcare workers and the environment.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Khartoum
  topic: keywords
subject: Omdurman Military Hospital
  topic: keywords
subject: Biomedical Waste Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Occupational Safety
  topic: keywords
subject: Knowledge
  topic: keywords
subject: Attitudes
  topic: keywords
subject: Practices
  topic: keywords
creator: Asma Mohamed Tahirhamad
creator: Hassan Ibrahim Ali Mofadel
creator: Manal Awad Kheiry
creator: Alaa Salih Hamadto
creator: Tarig Elsheikh Mahmoud
creator: Mohamed Ahmed Elhabib
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Direct Research Journal of Public Health and Environmental Technology
date: 2025-12-22
publication date: 2025-12-22
starting page: 150
ending page: 156
doi: 10.26765/DRJPHET12112293

Health Literacy among Hotel Owners and Tourist Guides in Sauraha,Chitwan, Nepal: A Mixed-Methods Study
type: item
description: Health literacy is important in tourism sectors, so it is necessary to have knowledge of health literacy among stakeholders. The study analyzes the health literacy among hotel owners and tourist guides who are the main stakeholders of the tourism sectors of Sauraha Chitwan. Objectives of this study are to assess the level of health literacy among hotel owners and tourist guides, to examine training exposure related to health and safety, and to analyze the relationship between socio-economic status and health literacy awareness. The study followed the mixed-methods research design and used both primary and secondary sources of data. A field survey was used to collect the primary data from the field, and secondary data were gathered from documents related to tourism and health literacy.100 respondents, including 50 hotel owners and 50 tourist guides, were randomly selected for an interview. Quantitative data were analyzed by using statistical tools, and qualitative information was managed in thematic analysis. It is found that there is a positive relationship between socioeconomic status and awareness about health literacy. There is moderate relationship between socio economic status and health literacy. There is moderate variance in respondents’ knowledge and practice of health promotion in study area and positive correlation between training and health literacy and preventive practices in the tourism sector. Like that there is average, 48% of the respondents have awareness or practice of health promotion and disease prevention.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Tourism stakeholders; Hotel owners; Tourist guides; Health and safety; Nepal
  topic: keywords
creator: Chandra Prasad Dhakal
creator: Mina Rimal
creator: Rishiram Adhikari
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Direct Research Journal of Public Health and Environmental Technology
date: 2026-01-26
publication date: 2026-01-26
starting page: 19
ending page: 26
doi: 10.26765/DRJPHET21466093

Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Water, Sediment, and Fish Tissues from Biu Reservoir, Borno State, Nigeria
type: item
description: Heavy metals are naturally occurring elements with high atomic weights and densities at least five times greater than water. Known for their toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulation, they pose serious risks to aquatic ecosystems and human health. This study evaluated the contamination levels of six heavy metals; zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and chromium (Cr); in water, sediment, and two fish species (Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus) from Biu Reservoir, an important freshwater source in southern Borno, Nigeria. Using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, results showed Clarias gariepinus accumulated more metals, particularly in gills. Lead in water (0.016 mg/L) and cadmium in O. niloticus gills (0.058 mg/kg) exceeded WHO safety limits. While other metals remained within permissible ranges, the elevated Pb and Cd levels pose potential health risks. Continuous environmental monitoring and pollution control are recommended.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Heavy metal, contamination, fish species, reservoir, pollution
  topic: keywords
creator: M. Wakil
creator: A. Safiya
creator: A. Jaafaru
creator: M. I. Musa
creator: I. Y. Adoke
creator: H.I. Miga
creator: U. M. Maizare
creator: K. D. Salami
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-12-13
publication date: 2025-12-13
starting page: 144
ending page: 149

Serological Survey of Pathogenic Leptospira in Reservoir Household Rats (Rattus rattus) and Community Risk Perception in Sokoto Metropolis, Sokoto State, Nigeria
type: item
description: Leptospirosis, a neglected zoonosis caused by pathogenic Leptospira species, poses significant public health risks in urbanizing areas of sub-Saharan Africa, where rodents like Rattus rattus serve as key reservoirs. Sokoto Metropolis, Nigeria, exemplifies such vulnerability due to rapid urbanization, poor sanitation, and high rodent infestation in informal settlements. This cross-sectional study determined the seroprevalence of pathogenic Leptospira IgG in household rats and evaluated community knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) toward rodent-borne diseases. Rodents were systematically trapped across Sokoto North, Sokoto South, Wamakko, Dange-Shuni, and Kware local government areas using baited wire-mesh live traps over two consecutive nights per site, yielding 212 Rattus rattus samples. Serum was harvested from cardiac puncture blood and tested via indirect ELISA (Rat Leptospira IgG ELISA Kit, AFG Scientific, USA) at 450 nm, with positivity defined by manufacturer cut-offs (≥0.5 OD). Concurrently, structured questionnaires were administered to one adult per household (n=212) via face-to-face interviews in Hausa/English on Google Forms, assessing socio-demographics, housing, livestock ownership, sanitation, and KAP (Cronbach's α=0.78). Data were analyzed descriptively and via chi-square/logistic regression (p<0.05). Overall Leptospira seroprevalence was 33% (70/212), with district variations: Wamakko (27.1%), Sokoto South (25.7%), Sokoto North (24.3%), Dange-Shuni (15.7%), Kware (7.1%; χ²=8.49, p=0.075). No significant associations emerged with age (e.g., >50 years: 61.4% positive, p=0.254), gender (males 91.4% of positives, p=0.162), education (Quran/Madrassa 35.7% positive, p=0.104), occupation (p=0.906), marital status (p=0.720), household role (p=0.481), house type (mud 32.9% positive, p=0.213), animals owned (6-10: 54.3% positive, p=0.107), or toilet type (water closet 52.9% positive, p=0.394). Household size trended higher in larger groups (6-10: 51.4%,…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: ELISA, Leptospira, Nigeria, Seroprevalence, Sokoto Metropolis, Rattus rattus, Risk Perception
  topic: keywords
creator: Fouad Mohammed
creator: Sani Aminat Gbemisola
creator: Saulawa Mahmud Abdullahi
creator: Bashir Garba
creator: Yusuf Yakubu
creator: Bashir Saidu
creator: Hajara Abdullahi Saulawa
creator: Shehu Umar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-12-11
publication date: 2025-12-11
starting page: 135
ending page: 143

Assessment of Work Related-Strain, Perceived Stress and Job Satisfaction among Young Medical Laboratory Scientists in Selected Health Facilities in Wuse II Federal Capital Abuja
type: item
description: This study investigated the relationship between work-related strain, perceived stress, and job satisfaction among young medical laboratory scientists working in selected health facilities in Wuse II, Abuja. A descriptive survey design was adopted, and data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to 120 respondents, of which 102 valid responses were analyzed. The data were subjected to descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, while the hypothesis was tested using Chi-square (χ²) at a 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that major factors contributing to work-related stress among laboratory scientists include excessive workload, poor operating conditions, role duality, long working hours, and the use of sophisticated technologies. The attitude of patients also played a significant role in increasing job-related stress. The results showed that 45% of respondents agreed that work-related strain and stress affect job satisfaction to a high extent. Furthermore, the Chi-square value (χ² = 10.1) exceeded the critical value (5.991), indicating a significant influence of work-related strain and perceived stress on job satisfaction. To improve job satisfaction, respondents identified adequate remuneration, promotion, effective supervision, fringe benefits, contingent rewards, and healthy working conditions as key motivating factors. The study concludes that high occupational stress significantly reduces job satisfaction among young medical laboratory scientists in Wuse II. Healthcare institutions should implement stress management programs, ensure adequate staffing, provide fair compensation, and improve workplace conditions to enhance staff morale and performance of the medical laboratory scientist.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Work-related strain, perceived stress, job satisfaction, medical laboratory scientists, healthcare workers
  topic: keywords
creator: E. S. Tarkumbul
creator: U. N. Gimba
creator: U. D. Udibo
creator: T. Akaazua
creator: G. A. Ushie
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-11-26
publication date: 2025-11-26
starting page: 131
ending page: 134

A Case Study on the Microbial Safety of Imported Milk in a Facility in Lagos State: A Public Health Perspective
type: item
description: The microbial safety of milk products is a crucial public health concern globally, particularly in settings where milk is widely consumed and prone to contamination. This case study assesses the microbial safety of imported milk products in a processing facility located in Lagos State, Nigeria, focusing on key bacterial pathogens including Salmonella species, Escherichia coli, and Shigella species. Milk powder, evaporated milk, and flavored drinking yoghurts were sampled, representing commonly consumed imported dairy products in the region. Using standard microbiological techniques aligned with international food safety protocols, each sample was tested for the presence of these pathogens. A total of eleven batches were analyzed, with all samples testing negative for Salmonella, E. coli, and Shigella. This absence of pathogenic bacteria highlights the effectiveness of sanitary measures in the handling, processing, and storage of these imported milk products at the facility, indicating compliance with food safety standards. The study contextualizes these findings within the broader public health perspective of Nigeria, where locally produced milk often exhibits higher microbial contamination risks due to challenges in hygiene, handling, and storage. Imported milk products, subject to more stringent quality controls and pasteurization standards, therefore offer a safer alternative. These results underscore the importance of continuous surveillance and rigorous quality assurance to maintain consumer safety and prevent foodborne illnesses linked to dairy consumption. This case study contributes to the literature by providing empirical data confirming the microbial safety of imported milk products in Lagos State and reinforces public health policies advocating for strict microbial monitoring of dairy imports. Further research could expand surveillance to include additional microbial contaminants and investigate supply chain controls to sustain and improve dairy product s…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Microbial safety, imported milk, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Shigella, Lagos State, public health, dairy products
  topic: keywords
creator: Umakaltume Abubakar
creator: Aisha Usman Bagudu
creator: Nurallah Abubakar
creator: Saulawa Mahmud Abdullahi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-11-23
publication date: 2025-11-23
starting page: 126
ending page: 130

Impact of Human Resource Policies on Employee Performance: Evidence from Enugu State Teaching Hospital
type: item
description: The study examined impact of human resource policies on employee performance within the Healthcare System: A study of Enugu State Teaching Hospital. In the healthcare sector, effective human resource policies play a crucial role in driving employee performance. Ensuring that employees are motivated, committed, and satisfied which will have a significant impact on job performance and ultimately, the quality of patient care. Three research questions that transcend to three hypotheses were formulated to act as a guide in realizing the objectives of the study. The design for this study is a survey research design which questionnaire were distributed to a sample 217 of employees of Enugu State Teaching Hospital. The study used statistical tools such as descriptive statistics and simple frequency analysis in testing the hypotheses. This was done using model summary, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and co-efficient table. The findings of the study revealed that staff orientation policies have impact on employees’ punctuality in Enugu State Teaching Hospital; this is indicated as: (β = .896; t = .8.239; p>0.05), that improved employee welfare policies have effect on employee quality of work in Enugu State Teaching Hospital; this is shown as (β = .559; t = 9.729; p>0.05) and that work-life balance policies have impact on employee task performance in Enugu State Teaching Hospital; this is demonstrated as: (β = .1.034; t = .49.856; p>0.05). The study recommends that hospitals should ensure their onboarding programs clearly communicate expectations regarding punctuality, attendance, and work schedules. These programs should also provide new employees with the resources and support they need to integrate smoothly into workplace. Hospitals should prioritize employee well-being by offering comprehensive benefit packages and implementing programs that address physical and mental health needs. This can include initiatives such as stress management workshops, access to counseling servic…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Staff Orientation; Work-life Balance; Employee Welfare; HRM in Healthcare
  topic: keywords
creator: Ngozi Obinna NgIhejirika
creator: Ikechukwu Cajetan Agbo
creator: Henry Chinedu Nnabuchi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-11-13
publication date: 2025-11-13
starting page: 88
ending page: 100

Hypertension and Dietary Habits among Market Women in North Central Nigeria
type: item
description: Hypertension is a leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and a growing public health challenge in Nigeria. Women in the informal sector such as market trading may be disproportionately affected. This study assessed the prevalence, determinants, and dietary correlates of hypertension among market women in North Central Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 404 market women in three states. Structured questionnaires collected socio-demographic and dietary data, while blood pressure was measured following WHO protocols. Hypertension was defined as blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg or use of antihypertensive medication. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Among 330 participants with blood pressure records, the prevalence of hypertension was 22.4%: 58.3% in Abuja, 24.8% in Niger, and 13.3% in Nasarawa. Prior diagnosis was reported by 23.0%; 19.4% were on medication, 18.8% attended regular follow-up, and 6.1% were previously undiagnosed. Daily home-cooked consumption was 74.5%, vegetable intake 48.8% and fruit intake 45%. Extra salt addition showed a statistically significant association with hypertension (χ² = 8.69, p = 0.034), indicating that participants who occasionally added extra salt had higher hypertension prevalence than those who did not. In multivariate analysis, younger respondents (18–28 and 29–40 years) were significantly less likely to be hypertensive compared to older participants (≥41 years) (AOR = 0.015, 95% CI: 0.002–0.124, p = 0.005; AOR = 0.079, 95% CI: 0.014–0.444, p = 0.006). Low-income earners (<₦50,000/month) were at increased risk (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.08–1.95, p = 0.014). Market women in North Central Nigeria face a moderate but uneven hypertension burden, (22.4% overall; 58.3% in Abuja, 24.8% in Niger, and 13.3% in Nasarawa), compounded by low awareness, poor treatment uptake, and socio-economic barriers. Extra salt showed a statistically significant association with hypertension (χ² = 8.69, p = 0.034), while fruit and v…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Hypertension; dietary habits; market women; urban-rural disparities; socio-demographic determinants; salt intake
  topic: keywords
creator: Deborah Komolafe
creator: Ahmadu Ogirima
creator: Winifred Kwaknat
creator: Onyinye Kwesiaku
creator: Bilkisu Kwande
creator: Alhaji Babagana
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Direct Research Journal of Public Health and Environmental Technology
date: 2025-11-21
publication date: 2025-11-21
starting page: 116
ending page: 125