Design and Implementation of a Smart Multi Tank Water Filling and Monitoring System with Android APP Integration for Sustainable Water Resource Management

Abstract

Water scarcity and inefficient domestic/institutional water management remain major problems in many urban and peri-urban communities. This paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of a low-cost smart multi-tank water filling and monitoring system using an ESP32 microcontroller, ultrasonic and float sensors, flow measurement, relayed pump control, and an Android mobile application. The system supports prioritized tank filling, automatic pump control with anti-dry-run protection, remote monitoring via Wi-Fi/GSM, and historical consumption logs on a cloud backend. A prototype was built and tested in a campus environment. Results show accurate tank level detection (±2 cm), reliable automatic switching between tanks, reduced overflow incidents, and pump run-time through optimized control logic. The system contributes to sustainable water-resource management by reducing wastage and enabling data-driven conservation measures. Key contributions are: (1) a modular hardware and software architecture for multi-tank control; (2) practical algorithms for prioritized and demand-driven filling; and (3) an Android UI for real-time control and historical analytics. Relevant sensor choices, energy budgeting, and cybersecurity considerations are discussed.